Hairballs in Rabbits

Similarly to cats, rabbits groom fairly extensively. In the wild, the high levels of roughage in their diets aids in removal of this hair through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Our domesticated rabbits are commonly not fed enough fiber. This, in combination with the inability to vomit, can rapidly lead to blockage of the GI tract with hair.

The most common sign of hairballs, or trichobezoars, in rabbits is not eating (anorexia). Commonly the rabbit will be active and alert. If the trichobezoar has been present for a long time, weight loss, depression and lack of stool production may also be present.

Medical management is best for trichobezoar problems. Rabbits have a very high mortality (death) rate with abdominal surgery when they are ill. Your veterinarian most likely will prescribe digestive aids – such as pineapple juice, or papaya enzymes – to help move the hair through. Occasionally, rabbits require hospitalization with intravenous fluids, force feedings and close observation.

The best prevention is a good, high quality rabbit diet with free choice hay and fresh greens. Offering fresh (not heat treated) pineapple juice or dried papaya once a week with feline hairball remedy can also help to reduce the risk of trichobezoars. Please consult with your veterinarian regarding good food choices for your pet.

Dr. Pamela Graves